Backend Engineering · 300-level

Backend Engineering: Systems That Scale

A staff-level deep dive into the backend: API contracts, data modeling and query performance, caching, async and event-driven flows, reliability, security, observability, and the economics of scaling.

BEN-3013 creditselectiveno prerequisites
What's inside

Sections & lessons

01

HTTP & API design

  • Choosing between REST, gRPC, and GraphQLconcept40 min
  • Status codes and error contracts clients can act onconcept35 min
  • Versioning and pagination that survive scaleconcept40 min
  • Idempotency keys for safe writesconcept40 min
02

Data modeling & databases

  • Relational modeling: normalization vs denormalizationconcept40 min
  • Indexes the query planner will actually useconcept40 min
  • Reading query plans with EXPLAIN ANALYZEdemo40 min
  • Transactions and isolation levelsconcept45 min
03

Caching & performance

  • Cache layers and where to put themconcept35 min
  • Cache invalidation without serving stale dataconcept40 min
  • The N+1 query problem and batchingconcept35 min
  • Connection pooling and the database connection limitconcept35 min
04

Async, queues & event-driven

  • Message queues vs pub/sub, and when to go asyncconcept40 min
  • Delivery semantics and idempotent consumersconcept40 min
  • The outbox pattern and the dual-write problemconcept40 min
  • Backpressure and consumer lagconcept35 min
05

Reliability & correctness

  • Idempotency as a system-wide propertyconcept35 min
  • Retries with exponential backoff and jitterconcept40 min
  • Timeouts, deadlines, and budgets across a call chainconcept35 min
  • Circuit breakers, bulkheads, and graceful degradationconcept35 min
  • Distributed consistency: replicas, read-your-writes, and sagasconcept40 min
06

AuthN / AuthZ & security

  • Sessions vs JWT: stateful and stateless authconcept40 min
  • OAuth2 and OIDC: delegated access done rightdemo40 min
  • Authorization models and object-level accessconcept35 min
  • Input validation, secrets, and common backend vulnerabilitiesconcept40 min
07

Observability

  • Structured logging and correlation IDsconcept35 min
  • Metrics: RED, USE, and reading distributionsconcept35 min
  • Distributed tracing and context propagationdemo35 min
  • SLOs, error budgets, and debugging in productionconcept35 min
08

Deployment, scaling & cost

  • Horizontal vs vertical scaling and stateless servicesconcept40 min
  • Database scaling: replicas, replica lag, and shardingconcept40 min
  • Progressive rollouts and backend cost controlconcept35 min

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